[1]
Zajaczkowski T. Genitourinary tuberculosis: historical and basic science review: past and present. Central European journal of urology. 2012:65(4):182-7. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2012.04.art1. Epub 2012 Dec 11
[PubMed PMID: 24578959]
[2]
Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S, Zumla A. Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nature reviews. Urology. 2019 Oct:16(10):573-598. doi: 10.1038/s41585-019-0228-9. Epub 2019 Sep 23
[PubMed PMID: 31548730]
[3]
Chowdhury TS, Naser MF, Haque M. A long journey to be diagnosed as a case of tuberculous cystitis: A Bangladeshi case report and review of literatures. International journal of mycobacteriology. 2020 Jul-Sep:9(3):248-253. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_101_20. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 32862156]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[4]
Vynnycky E, Fine PE. The natural history of tuberculosis: the implications of age-dependent risks of disease and the role of reinfection. Epidemiology and infection. 1997 Oct:119(2):183-201
[PubMed PMID: 9363017]
[5]
Grange JM, Yates MD, Ormerod LP. Factors determining ethnic differences in the incidence of bacteriologically confirmed genitourinary tuberculosis in south east England. The Journal of infection. 1995 Jan:30(1):37-40
[PubMed PMID: 7751664]
[6]
Christensen WI. Genitourinary tuberculosis: review of 102 cases. Medicine. 1974 Sep:53(5):377-90
[PubMed PMID: 4212033]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[7]
Chandran S, Rahman A, Norris JM, Tiberi S, Kunst H. Diagnostic pitfalls of urogenital tuberculosis. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH. 2021 Jul:26(7):753-759. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13583. Epub 2021 May 6
[PubMed PMID: 33817915]
[8]
Sourial MW, Brimo F, Horn R, Andonian S. Genitourinary tuberculosis in North America: A rare clinical entity. Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada. 2015 Jul-Aug:9(7-8):E484-9. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.2643. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26279721]
[9]
Schubert GE, Haltaufderheide T, Golz R. Frequency of urogenital tuberculosis in an unselected autopsy series from 1928 to 1949 and 1976 to 1989. European urology. 1992:21(3):216-23
[PubMed PMID: 1499628]
[10]
Riojas MA, McGough KJ, Rider-Riojas CJ, Rastogi N, Hazbón MH. Phylogenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 2018 Jan:68(1):324-332. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002507. Epub 2017 Dec 5
[PubMed PMID: 29205127]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[11]
Simmons JD, Stein CM, Seshadri C, Campo M, Alter G, Fortune S, Schurr E, Wallis RS, Churchyard G, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Hawn TR. Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nature reviews. Immunology. 2018 Sep:18(9):575-589. doi: 10.1038/s41577-018-0025-3. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 29895826]
[12]
Regmi SK, Singh UB, Sharma JB, Kumar R. Relevance of semen polymerase chain reaction positive for tuberculosis in asymptomatic men undergoing infertility evaluation. Journal of human reproductive sciences. 2015 Jul-Sep:8(3):165-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.165148. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26538860]
[13]
Barmon D, Kataki AC, Sharma JD, Gharpholia D. A case of cervical tuberculosis mimicking cervical carcinoma. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India. 2013 Aug:63(4):285-7. doi: 10.1007/s13224-012-0184-2. Epub 2012 Oct 3
[PubMed PMID: 24431658]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[14]
Venyo AK. Tuberculosis of the Penis: A Review of the Literature. Scientifica. 2015:2015():601624. doi: 10.1155/2015/601624. Epub 2015 Sep 8
[PubMed PMID: 26435877]
[15]
Zumla A, James DG. Granulomatous infections: etiology and classification. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 1996 Jul:23(1):146-58
[PubMed PMID: 8816144]
[16]
Kulchavenya E, Cherednichenko A. Urogenital tuberculosis, the cause of ineffective antibacterial therapy for urinary tract infections. Therapeutic advances in urology. 2018 Mar:10(3):95-101. doi: 10.1177/1756287217745772. Epub 2017 Dec 22
[PubMed PMID: 29662539]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[17]
Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Junior RF, Srougi M. Epidemiology of urogenital tuberculosis worldwide. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 2008 Sep:15(9):827-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02099.x. Epub 2008 Jul 10
[PubMed PMID: 18637157]
[19]
Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM. Urogenital tuberculosis: update and review of 8961 cases from the world literature. Reviews in urology. 2008 Summer:10(3):207-17
[PubMed PMID: 18836557]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[20]
Falkensammer C, Gozzi C, Hager M, Maier H, Bartsch G, Höltl L, Rehder P. Late occurrence of bilateral tuberculous-like epididymo-orchitis after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. Urology. 2005 Jan:65(1):175
[PubMed PMID: 15667898]
[21]
Colomba C, Di Carlo P, Guadagnino G, Siracusa L, Trizzino M, Gioè C, Cascio A. A Case of Epididymo-orchitis after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma in a patient with latent tuberculosis infection. Infectious agents and cancer. 2016:11():25. doi: 10.1186/s13027-016-0072-y. Epub 2016 Jun 2
[PubMed PMID: 27257433]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[22]
Tapsoba AK, Hermi A, Traoré TM, Zehani A, Ben Rhouma S, Nouira Y. Isolated prostatic tuberculosis and review of literature. Urology case reports. 2022 Jan:40():101924. doi: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101924. Epub 2021 Oct 29
[PubMed PMID: 34786347]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[23]
Kulchavenya E, Brizhatyuk E, Khomyakov V. Diagnosis and therapy for prostate tuberculosis. Therapeutic advances in urology. 2014 Aug:6(4):129-34. doi: 10.1177/1756287214529005. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 25083162]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[24]
Lee IK, Yang WC, Liu JW. Scrotal tuberculosis in adult patients: a 10-year clinical experience. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2007 Oct:77(4):714-8
[PubMed PMID: 17978076]
[25]
Kar JK, Kar M. Primary tuberculosis of the glans penis. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2012 Aug:60():52-3
[PubMed PMID: 23405527]
[26]
Mahajan N, Naidu P, Kaur SD. Insight into the diagnosis and management of subclinical genital tuberculosis in women with infertility. Journal of human reproductive sciences. 2016 Jul-Sep:9(3):135-144
[PubMed PMID: 27803580]
[27]
Sharma JB, Roy KK, Pushparaj M, Kumar S, Malhotra N, Mittal S. Laparoscopic findings in female genital tuberculosis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2008 Oct:278(4):359-64. doi: 10.1007/s00404-008-0586-7. Epub 2008 Feb 14
[PubMed PMID: 18273629]
[28]
Sharma JB. Current Diagnosis and Management of Female Genital Tuberculosis. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India. 2015 Dec:65(6):362-71. doi: 10.1007/s13224-015-0780-z. Epub 2015 Oct 7
[PubMed PMID: 26663993]
[29]
Türkmen IC, Başsüllü N, Comunoğlu C, Bağcı P, Aydın O, Comunoğlu N, Gezer A, Calay Z, Ilvan S. Female genital system tuberculosis: a retrospective clinicopathological study of 1,548 cases in Turkish women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2012 Aug:286(2):379-84. doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2281-y. Epub 2012 Mar 13
[PubMed PMID: 22410957]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[30]
Walzl G, McNerney R, du Plessis N, Bates M, McHugh TD, Chegou NN, Zumla A. Tuberculosis: advances and challenges in development of new diagnostics and biomarkers. The Lancet. Infectious diseases. 2018 Jul:18(7):e199-e210. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30111-7. Epub 2018 Mar 23
[PubMed PMID: 29580818]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[31]
Pang Y, Shang Y, Lu J, Liang Q, Dong L, Li Y, Zhao L, Jiang G, Huang H. GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in the diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis from urine specimens. Scientific reports. 2017 Jul 21:7(1):6181. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06517-0. Epub 2017 Jul 21
[PubMed PMID: 28733605]
[32]
Rathish B, Wilson A, Pillay R, Warrier A, Philips G. A Bundled Approach to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Testing: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India. Cureus. 2019 Oct 30:11(10):e6042. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6042. Epub 2019 Oct 30
[PubMed PMID: 31824808]
[33]
Hongler J, Musaazi J, Ledergerber B, Eberhard N, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Keller PM, Fehr J, Castelnuovo B. Comparison of Löwenstein-Jensen and BACTEC MGIT 960 culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people living with HIV. HIV medicine. 2018 Oct:19(9):654-661. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12635. Epub 2018 Jul 3
[PubMed PMID: 29971898]
[34]
Doyle RM, Burgess C, Williams R, Gorton R, Booth H, Brown J, Bryant JM, Chan J, Creer D, Holdstock J, Kunst H, Lozewicz S, Platt G, Romero EY, Speight G, Tiberi S, Abubakar I, Lipman M, McHugh TD, Breuer J. Direct Whole-Genome Sequencing of Sputum Accurately Identifies Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Faster than MGIT Culture Sequencing. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2018 Aug:56(8):. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00666-18. Epub 2018 Jul 26
[PubMed PMID: 29848567]
[35]
Kubiak RW, Herbeck JT, Coleman SM, Ross D, Freedberg K, Bassett IV, Drain PK. Urinary LAM grade, culture positivity, and mortality among HIV-infected South African out-patients. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2018 Nov 1:22(11):1366-1373. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0099. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 30355418]
[36]
Wejse C. Medical treatment for urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB). GMS infectious diseases. 2018:6():Doc04. doi: 10.3205/id000039. Epub 2018 Aug 9
[PubMed PMID: 30671335]
[37]
Fischer M, Flamm J. [The value of surgical therapy in the treatment of urogenital tuberculosis]. Der Urologe. Ausg. A. 1990 Sep:29(5):261-4
[PubMed PMID: 2219601]
[38]
Wada M. [The adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis drugs and its management]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine. 1998 Dec:56(12):3091-5
[PubMed PMID: 9883616]
[39]
Cocozza AM, Linh NN, Nathavitharana RR, Ahmad U, Jaramillo E, Gargioni GEM, Fox GJ. An assessment of current tuberculosis patient care and support policies in high-burden countries. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2020 Jan 1:24(1):36-42. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0183. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 32005305]