Abuse and Neglect
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Abuse and neglect refer to the actions or inactions of an individual's caregiver or parent inflicting physical, sexual, or emotional harm on the indiv ...
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Activities of Daily Living
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Activities of daily living (ADLs) are essential and routine tasks that most young, healthy individuals can perform without assistance. The inability t ...
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Acute Stress Disorder
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Acute stress disorder (ASD) was first outlined in 1994 at the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) as a new ...
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10 |
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Addiction Psychotherapeutic Care
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Addiction psychotherapy consists of evidence-based psychosocial treatments to treat individuals with substance use disorders. Optimal treatment of add ...
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5 |
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Addiction Relapse Prevention
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<p>Individuals recovering from various forms of addiction frequently encounter relapses that have gained acceptance as an almost inevitable part of th ...
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9 |
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Aggression
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Aggression has been treated by both medications and psychotherapy, but relapses are common. Aggressive patients frequently run into legal problems bec ...
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11 |
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Agitation
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Agitation is a nonspecific constellation of relatively unrelated behaviors that can be seen in various clinical situations, usually presenting with a ...
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Agoraphobia
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Agoraphobia is the anxiety that occurs when one is in a public or crowded place, from which a potential escape is difficult, or help may not be readil ...
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8 |
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Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation and Treatment in American Indians and Alaska Natives
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Alaskan Natives and American Indians comprise a diverse population with a distinct variation in alcohol and substance abuse rates due to geographic lo ...
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Alcohol Related Psychosis
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Psychosis associated with alcohol can occur with acute intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and chronic alcoholism. Alcohol-related psychosis is also kno ...
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Activity Info
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Alcohol Use Disorder
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<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a significant issue in the United States, affecting many individuals. Although the exact cause of AUD is not ful ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Alcohol Withdrawal
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<p>Alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually appear when an individual discontinues or reduces alcohol intake after a period of prolonged consumption. In mo ...
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12 |
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Alzheimer Disease
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Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of a decline in cognitive ability. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually affects people over ...
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11 |
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Ambiguous Genitalia and Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
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Infants born with a disorder of sex development (DSD) prompt multiple medical, surgical, ethical, psychosocial, and physical issues for patients and t ...
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8 |
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Amphetamine-Related Psychiatric Disorders
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Amphetamines belong to a class of compounds called phenethylamines which induce catecholaminergic effects in the CNS and peripheral circulation. Recre ...
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Activity Info
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Anorexia and Cachexia
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Cachexia is a significant loss of muscle and adipose tissue. It occurs in patients with advanced cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chroni ...
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Anorexia nervosa is defined by the restriction of nutrient intake relative to requirements, which leads to significantly low body weight. Patients wit ...
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Anosognosia
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Anosognosia is a neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or psychiatric condition. It is associated with ...
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). ASPD is a deeply ingrained and dysfunctional thought pro ...
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Anxiety
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Fear is an automatic neurophysiological state of alarm characterized by a fight or flight response to a cognitive appraisal of present or imminent dan ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been surrounded by controversy over the last century. Over the past 30 years, how ...
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Activity Info
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of rapidly growing disabilities. They are characterized by repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or ...
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Activity Info
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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Avoidant personality disorder is a chronic and pervasive maladaptive behavioral pattern. The onset is insidious and affects all aspects of the individ ...
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Activity Info
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Behavior Modification
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Behavior modification is a psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults. While some ...
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7 |
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Binge Eating Disorder
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Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder associated with various psychological and non-psychological issues with some degree of impairment of daily ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Biofeedback
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Biofeedback is a technique to augment the normal sensory feedback and allow better control of body functions that are usually considered involuntary. ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Bipolar Disorder
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Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder, is one of the top 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. Bipolar disorder is character ...
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9 |
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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Body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD, formally known as dysmorphophobia, is a psychiatric condition defined in the DSM 5 as a preoccupation with a perceiv ...
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7 |
Activity Info
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) lists ten personality disorders that are divided into three clusters, c ...
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10 |
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Brain Trauma
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Brain trauma or traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from a blow, bump, jolt, or penetrating injury to the head that disrupts the normal function of t ...
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11 |
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Brief Psychotic Disorder
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Brief psychotic disorder (BPD) according to DSM-5 is the sudden onset of psychotic behavior that lasts less than 1 month followed by complete remissio ...
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8 |
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Bulimia Nervosa
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Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangero ...
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12 |
Activity Info
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Bullying
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Bullying is common in our society and has become a public health emergency. It is a form of repeated peer aggression which is intentional and involves ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Cannabis Use Disorder
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Cannabis use can cause intoxication, withdrawal, and biopsychosocial issues. This activity describes the evaluation and management of cannabis use dis ...
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Activity Info
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Catatonia
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Catatonia, a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by abnormal movements, behaviors, and withdrawal, is a condition that is most often seen in mood ...
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Activity Info
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Catatonic Schizophrenia
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Catatonic schizophrenia is one of the classical clinical subtypes of schizophrenia. The concept of catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia has changed thr ...
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Cerebral Palsy
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Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent disorders affecting the development of movement and causing a limitation of activity. Non-progressive disturban ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Child Abuse and Neglect
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child maltreatment as “all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and explo ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Child Development
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The stages through which a child goes through from birth until he or she becomes an adult is child development. Children are first newborns, and durin ...
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Child Physical Abuse and Neglect
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Approximately one in four children experience child abuse or neglect in their lifetime. Of maltreated children, 18 percent are abused physically, 78 p ...
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Activity Info
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Child Sexual Abuse and Neglect
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Sexual abuse of children is the involvement of children or adolescents in sexual activities that he or she does not fully comprehend and can include e ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
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Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is a complex multisystem disease commonly characterized by severe fatigue, cognitiv ...
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Chronic Insomnia
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Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the United States affecting about one-third of the general population. According to the third edition of ...
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12 |
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Chronic Pain
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<p>Over one-quarter of United States citizens suffer from chronic pain. It is among the most common complaints seen in an outpatient clinic. The failu ...
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12 |
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Chronic Pain Syndrome
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Chronic pain is a leading chief complaint in an adult ambulatory care setting. Unfortunately, chronic non-cancer pain is often poorly understood by ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Claustrophobia
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Claustrophobia is the fear of enclosed spaces. About 12.5% of the population have this fear, with the majority of them being females. Claustrophobia i ...
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8 |
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Clinical Practice Issues in American Indians and Alaska Natives
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The disparity in the healthcare provided to the American Indians and Alaskan Natives is a long-standing issue that continues to plague the United Stat ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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In the 1960s, Aaron Beck developed cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or cognitive therapy. Since then, it has been extensively researched and found to ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Cognitive Deficits
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Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. It encompasses various ...
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Activity Info
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Competency and Capacity
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This article reviews the concepts of capacity and competency with regard to clinical practice. More specifically, it discusses the foundational ethica ...
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Activity Info
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Concussion
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A concussion is a "traumatically induced transient disturbance of brain function." Concussions are a subset of the neurologic injuries known as trauma ...
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Activity Info
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Conduct Disorder
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Conduct disorder (CD) lies on a spectrum of disruptive behavioral disorders, which also include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). In some cases, OD ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Conversion Disorder
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Conversion disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by signs and symptoms affecting sensory or motor function inconsistent with patterns of kn ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Counseling Patients With Obesity
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About 70 percent of American adults are overweight or have obesity. Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease associated with severe compli ...
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8 |
Activity Info
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Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal degenerative brain disorder caused by prion proteins. It belongs to a group of transmissible spongifo ...
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Activity Info
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Cultural Competence in Caring for American Indians and Alaska Natives
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Cultural competency is emphasized in treating American Indian/ Alaskan Native (AI/AN) patients because the mortality rates are more likely to increase ...
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Cultural Competence in the Care of LGBTQ Patients
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The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer/questioning (LGBTQ) community consists of a cross cultural broad range of community members and inclu ...
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Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families
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Muslims constitute large portions of populations in many countries, both Muslim-majority and otherwise. Muslims are considered to be the fastest-growi ...
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Cultural Religious Competence in Clinical Practice
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The diversity of religion within our world's population brings challenges for health care providers and systems to deliver culturally competent medica ...
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Activity Info
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Death and Dying
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Death is a part of natural life; however, society is notorious for being uncomfortable with death and dying as a topic on the whole. Many caregivers e ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Defense Mechanisms
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Anna Freud defined defense mechanisms as "unconscious resources used by the ego" to decrease internal stress ultimately. Patients often devise these u ...
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Activity Info
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Delusional Disorder
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A delusion is a fixed false belief based on an inaccurate interpretation of an external reality despite evidence to the contrary. The diagnosis of a d ...
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Delusions
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Delusions can precipitate in isolation or as psychiatric sequelae of ongoing disease. Delusions must be appropriately identified and managed as they c ...
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Activity Info
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Depression
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Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic Stat ...
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Activity Info
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Depression in Children
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Depressive disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) include diagnoses of different disorders, for example, major ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Depressive Cognitive Disorders
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Depressive cognitive disorders, also called pseudodementia (a term founded by Kiloh in the year 1961), is defined as the cognitive and functional impa ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Development Milestones
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Developmental milestones are markers of a child’s development from infancy on into childhood. They are used to help determine if a child is undergoing ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Developmental Delay
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Delay in development occurs when the child fails to attain developmental milestones as compared to peers from the same population. It is caused by imp ...
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12 |
Activity Info
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Developmental Stages of Social Emotional Development in Children
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To apply knowledge regarding human growth and development, healthcare professionals need to be aware of 2 areas: (1) milestone competencies, for examp ...
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12 |
Activity Info
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Differentiating Delirium Versus Dementia in the Elderly
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Delirium and dementia are the most common causes of altered mental status in elderly patients. With dementia being one of the predisposing factors for ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a rare psychiatric disorder diagnosed in about 1.5% of the global population. This disorder is often misdiagno ...
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8 |
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Diversity and Discrimination in Healthcare
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America is becoming increasingly diverse. Discrimination against minority groups persists and contributes to negative disparate outcomes for patients ...
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Diversity Goals for Evaluation and Treatment of American Indians and Alaska Natives
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American Indians and Alaska Natives form a heterogeneous population with widely diverse cultures, languages, history, art forms, religious and spiritu ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Domestic Violence
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Family and domestic violence is a common problem in the United States, affecting an estimated 10 million people every year; as many as one in four wom ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Down Syndrome
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Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or a portion of a third chromosome 21. Patients typically present with ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Drug Addiction
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The laymen's definition of addiction is a "fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity." Medically it is a "chro ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Drug and Alcohol Use
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<p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition includes 10 separate classes of drugs of abuse, which include alcohol, caf ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Dyslexia
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Reading is a skill unique to humans and is crucial for living in the world today. Learning to read is one of the first teaching points of elementary s ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Eating Disorders
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Eating disorders disrupt eating behavior with excessive concern about body weight that impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. To avoid t ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Elder Abuse
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Elder abuse comes in many forms, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, as well as less obvious forms such as financial exploitation and ...
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4 |
Activity Info
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End-of-Life Care
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Unlike other conditions and life experiences, which only affect a certain percentage of the world’s population, the end-of-life is a stage in the proc ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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End-of-Life Evaluation and Management of Pain
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Evaluation and management of pain at the end of life is a multifold issue with a deep impact on the patient's quality of life. With a better understan ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Factitious Disorder
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Factitious disorder is a condition in which a patient intentionally falsifies medical or psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms can be self-induced or fabric ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Failure to Thrive
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Failure to thrive (FTT) is a common term used to describe lack of adequate weight gain in pediatric patients. Accepted definitions include a weight fo ...
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Activity Info
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Falls and Fall Prevention in the Elderly
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Falls account for one of the most common and serious issues contributing to a disability, especially among elderly individuals. Tinetti et al. in 1988 ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Fetal alcohol syndrome is one of the five disorders that comprise fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These fetal alcohol spectrum disorders clas ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Fragile X Syndrome
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Fragile X syndrome (FXS), also called Martin-Bell syndrome, is a non-Mendelian trinucleotide repeat disorder. FXS is the most prevalent inherited caus ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Frontal Lobe Syndrome
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Frontal lobe syndrome, in general, refers to a clinical syndrome resulting from damage, and impaired function of the prefrontal cortex, which is a lar ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Gender Dysphoria
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<p>Gender dysphoria (previously gender identity disorder), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is defined as a &ld ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder that produces fear, worry, and a constant feeling of being overwhelmed. It is characterized b ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Geriatric Care Special Needs Assessment
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Global life expectancy has been increasing, and so has the population of older patients. Due to multiple comorbidities, the geriatric population has s ...
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Activity Info
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Geriatric Evaluation and Treatment of Age-Related Cognitive Decline
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Cognitive decline affects many individuals above the age of 60. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia, commonly Alzheimer dementia, can affect many c ...
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Activity Info
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Geriatric Head Injury
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Elderly patients with head trauma represent a large proportion of patients seeking medical attention. There are special considerations and challenges ...
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Activity Info
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Geriatric Trauma
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Assessment of the geriatric trauma patient is unique, and this population requires special attention. As the elderly population increases, the number ...
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Activity Info
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Grief Reaction
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Grief is a natural and universal response to the loss of a loved one. The grief experience is not a state but a process. Most individuals recover adeq ...
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Activity Info
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Grief Support
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Health professionals frequently deal with the loss of a patient in the emergency department and in intensive care units. These deaths are often due to ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Group Therapy
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Group therapy is the treatment of multiple patients at once by one or more healthcare providers. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions inclu ...
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9 |
Activity Info
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious post-infectious immune-mediated neuropathy. It results from the autoimmune destruction of nerves i ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Hepatitis A
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The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae. It replicates primarily within h ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Heroin Toxicity
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Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is a very efficient prodrug and more potent than morphine. Many deaths are caused by heroin overdoses througho ...
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4 |
Activity Info
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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A histrionic personality disorder, or commonly known as a dramatic personality disorder, is a psychiatric disorder distinguished by a pattern of exagg ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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HIV Disease Current Practice
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an enveloped retrovirus that contains 2 copies of a single-stranded RNA genome. It causes the acquired immun ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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HIV Neurocognitive Disorders
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Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV infection) have been noted to have various forms of neuropsychiatric illnesses. These includ ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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HIV Prevention
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the developed world is now seen as a chronic illness due to the competency of antiretroviral therapy. Despite ad ...
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Activity Info
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Human Behavior in a Social Environment
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Human behavior in a social environment (HBSE) is a concept that describes a comprehensive view of people and is fundamental to the study of social sci ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Human Growth and Development
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Evaluation of growth and development is a crucial element in the physical examination of a patient. A piece of good working knowledge and the skill to ...
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12 |
Activity Info
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Human Trafficking
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Human trafficking, a human rights violation, is a pressing public health concern that transcends all races, social classes, demographics, and gender. ...
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12 |
Activity Info
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Illness Anxiety Disorder
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Illness anxiety disorder (previously called hypochondriasis) is a psychiatric disorder defined by excessive worry about having or developing a serious ...
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1.5 |
8 |
Activity Info
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Implicit Bias
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Implicit bias is the attitude or internalized stereotypes that unconsciously affect our perceptions, actions, and decisions. These unconscious biases ...
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8 |
Activity Info
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Intellectual Disability
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Individuals with an intellectual disability have neurodevelopmental deficits characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive beh ...
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2 |
11 |
Activity Info
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Kentucky Domestic Violence
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Family and domestic violence, including child abuse, intimate partner abuse, and elder abuse, is a national public health problem. Domestic violence i ...
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3 |
11 |
Activity Info
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Kubler-Ross Stages of Dying and Subsequent Models of Grief
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Medical professionals will work with dying patients in all disciplines, and the process is difficult as care shifts from eliminating or mitigating ill ...
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8 |
Activity Info
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Late-Life Depression
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In the older population, one of the serious health concerns that are associated with comorbidity, impaired functioning, excessive use of health care ...
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7 |
Activity Info
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Lead Toxicity
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Lead became a common occupational toxin with the birth of the Industrial Revolution, by the end of the 19-century childhood lead poisoning secondary t ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Learning Disability
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Learning disabilities (LDs) refer to a number of disorders that may affect the acquisition, organization, retention, comprehension, or the use of both ...
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10 |
Activity Info
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Major Depressive Disorder
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been ranked as the third cause of the burden of disease worldwide in 2008 by WHO, which has projected that this di ...
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1.5 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia)
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Dementia describes an overall decline in memory and other cognitive skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. ...
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2 |
12 |
Activity Info
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Malingering
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Malingering is falsification or profound exaggeration of illness (physical or mental) to gain external benefits such as avoiding work or responsibilit ...
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1 |
4 |
Activity Info
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Mania
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Mania is a period of 1 week or more in which a person experiences a change in normal behavior that drastically affects their functioning. Mania can be ...
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7 |
Activity Info
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Marijuana and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes
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Drug use and drug dependency are major public health problems. Marijuana is one of the most commonly used drugs among all genders and age groups. This ...
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5 |
Activity Info
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Menopause
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Menopause is a routine, non-pathologic condition involving the permanent cessation of menses for at least 12 months. Menopause occurs in all menstruat ...
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1 |
5 |
Activity Info
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Mental Health Challenges in Caring for American Indians and Alaska Natives
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Mental health conditions are highly prevalent amongst the American Indian and Alaskan Native populations. Compared to other ethnic groups, this popula ...
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Activity Info
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Mental Status Examination
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The mental status examination is the physical examination for psychiatry. It is the defining status of the current state of the patient during evaluat ...
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11 |
Activity Info
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Mood Disorder
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Mood is defined as a pervasive and sustained feeling tone that is endured internally and which impacts nearly all aspects of a person’s behavior in th ...
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7 |
Activity Info
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Motivational Interviewing
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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a process where medical professionals work together with their patients for a certain therapeutic outcome. A variety ...
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Activity Info
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Munchausen Syndrome
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Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly known as Munchausen syndrome, is a psychiatric disorder in which a person assumes the role of a sick pat ...
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6 |
Activity Info
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a complex personality disorder often detected with other affective and personality disorders. This activity ...
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1 |
6 |
Activity Info
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Narcolepsy
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Narcolepsy is a disorder of rapid onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), frequent uncontrollable sl ...
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8 |
Activity Info
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New York State Child Abuse, Maltreatment, and Neglect
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child maltreatment as “all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and explo ...
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2 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Nicotine Addiction
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Nicotine addiction is a complex disorder with no easy cure. Habitual use of tobacco and tobacco products continues to be a significant contributor to ...
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1 |
7 |
Activity Info
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Night Terrors
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Night terrors are a common sleep disorder in young children and describe a condition in which a child wakes up from sleep in a terrified state. For th ...
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1.5 |
10 |
Activity Info
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Obesity
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Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat or adipose tissue in the body that may impair health. Obesity has become an epidemic which ha ...
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1.5 |
11 |
Activity Info
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves intrusive thoughts with or without compensatory actions to alleviate the stress brought on by these thoug ...
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2 |
12 |
Activity Info
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Opioid Addiction
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<p>Opioid use disorder and opioid addiction remain at epidemic levels in the U.S. and worldwide. Three million US citizens and 16 million individuals ...
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7 |
Activity Info
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Opioid Withdrawal
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<p>Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a life-threatening condition resulting from opioid dependence. Opioids are a group of drugs used to manage severe pai ...
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Palliative Care
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The World Health Organization characterizes the field of palliative care as a form of specialized medical care that aims to optimize the quality of li ...
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Panic Disorder
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<p>Panic disorder is fairly common in the general population. Among all anxiety disorders, it has the highest number of medical visits and serves as a ...
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Paraphilia
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Paraphilias are persistent and recurrent sexual interests, urges, fantasies, or behaviors of marked intensity involving objects, activities, or even s ...
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Parkinson Disease
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Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly presents in later life with generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia) and at least ...
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Parkinsonism
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Parkinsonism is a motor syndrome that manifests as rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia. Parkinsonism is caused by Parkinson's disease in about eighty ...
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Patient Rights and Ethics
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Patient rights are a subset of human rights. Whereas the concept of human rights refers to minimum standards for the ways persons can expect to be tre ...
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Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma
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Pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), or shaken baby syndrome, most often involves shaking, blunt impact, or a combination of both in infants and young ...
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Pediculosis Corporis
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Pediculosis corporis is a skin condition caused by body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) that feed on human blood. These lice lay their eggs in the s ...
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Pennsylvania Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting
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Healthcare providers in Pennsylvania must adhere to the Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law (CPSL), 23 Pa.C.S. Chapter 63 (relating to child pr ...
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Perinatal Drug Abuse and Neonatal Drug Withdrawal
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Drug abuse and addiction have significantly increased over the last few decades; specifically, opioid abuse and dependence have increased to epidemic ...
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Personality Disorder
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Personality disorders are pervasive, maladaptive, and chronic patterns of behavior, cognition, and mood. Persons who have personality disorders experi ...
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Pica
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The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines pica as eating non-nutriti ...
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Postpartum Blues
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Postpartum “blues” is defined as low mood and mild depressive symptoms that are transient and self-limited and are extremely common in the perinatal p ...
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Postpartum Depression
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Around one in seven women can develop postpartum depression (PPD). While women experiencing baby blues tend to recover quickly, PPD tends to last long ...
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Postpartum Psychosis
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Postpartum psychosis is an acute illness of multifactorial origin and is considered a psychiatric emergency. In this activity, the common presentation ...
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Posttraumatic Headache
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Post-traumatic headaches (PTHA) is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may progress to chronic and possibly debilitating conditions. ...
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder that results from being exposed to real or threatened injury, death, and sexu ...
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
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Posttraumatic stress disorder constitutes exposure to a potentially traumatic event, followed by the manifestations of intrusive thoughts, avoidance o ...
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Premature Ejaculation
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Premature ejaculation describes the phenomenon which occurs when ejaculation happens sooner than a man or his partner would like during sexual activit ...
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Premenstrual Syndrome
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This activity is a review of the existing literature on premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It summarizes the management of PMS by outlining the importance o ...
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Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in HIV/AIDS
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HIV/ AIDS patients with a low CD4 count have decreased humoral and cellular immunity, predisposing them to opportunistic infections. These diseases ar ...
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Psychiatric Illness and Criminality
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The relationship between psychiatric illness and criminality has been the topic of intense debate and scrutiny in the recent past in light of multiple ...
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Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
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Pseudoseizures, psychogenic seizures, and hysterical seizures are older terms used to describe events that clinically resemble epileptic seizures but ...
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Psychosis
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Psychosis is a loose description of an amalgamation of psychological symptoms resulting in a loss of contact with reality. It is thought that although ...
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Reactive Attachment Disorder
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th Edition (DSM-5) classifies reactive attachment disorder as a trauma- and stressor-related condition of early ...
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Relaxation Techniques
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Relaxation techniques are therapeutic exercises designed to assist individuals by decreasing tension and anxiety. Relaxation therapy has been a part o ...
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Schizoaffective Disorder
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Schizoaffective disorder is among the most frequently misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. Due to concerns about the reliability a ...
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Schizoid personality disorder is one of three disorders that make up cluster A personality disorder. Those afflicted with schizoid personality disorde ...
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Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior. Traditionally ...
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School Refusal
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School refusal describes a regular refusal to attend school or routine problems staying at school. Children may avoid school to cope with stress or fe ...
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Screening for Depression and Suicide in Children
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Depression and suicide, common disabling conditions, are often underreported and underdiagnosed in children. Suicide is the second most common death i ...
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Separation Anxiety Disorder
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Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common childhood anxiety disorders. SAD is an exaggeration of otherwise developmentally typical a ...
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Sexual Harassment and Prevention Training
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Sexual harassment is an unacceptable practice in the workplace and can present in many forms. Academic medicine and healthcare facilities are not immu ...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Sexually transmitted infections are disease processes from close physical contact between males and females by transmission through sexual contact. Se ...
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Short-Term Insomnia
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Sleep is becoming an increasingly precious commodity as more and more people are reporting issues with sleep in our busy society. Issues with sleep ha ...
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Sleep Deprivation
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Sleep loss from various causes is very common and often missed by physicians as a treatable health problem. There are strong associations with serious ...
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Sleep Disorder
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Sleep disorders encompass several clinical problems encountered in outpatient settings. Sleep disorders have a broad differential diagnosis; therefore ...
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Smoking
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Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco with the smoke inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Around 23 percent of the wor ...
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Smoking Cessation
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Tobacco use, primarily cigarette smoking, is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Assisting patients with smoking ...
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) includes the essential feature of marked fear or anxiety of one or more social situations during which the individual ma ...
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Somatic Syndrome Disorders
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According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), somatic symptom disorder (SSD) involves one or mo ...
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Stress Incontinence
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Stress urinary incontinence is the sudden, involuntary loss of urine secondary to increased intraabdominal pressure that is affecting the patient’s qu ...
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Substance Use Disorder
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<p>Substance use disorders result from long-term exposure to substances and subsequent mental and physical dependence. This can lead to social, academ ...
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Substance Use in Pregnancy
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<p>Substance use and substance use disorders in pregnancy are common and linked with multiple obstetric and neonatal adverse outcomes. Ideally, all pr ...
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the abrupt and unexplained death of an infant less than 1-year old. Despite a thorough investigation (a careful ...
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Suicidal Ideation
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<p>This activity describes the research evidence and current practice recommendations associated with the evaluation and treatment of the heterogeneou ...
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Suicide Risk
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Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States, but it can often be prevented with appropriate intervention. This activity re ...
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Suicide Screening and Prevention
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Suicide is a major public health problem not only in the United States but also in many western nations. In the United States, it is the 10th leading ...
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Temper Tantrums
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Although temper tantrums are a normal part of development in toddlers, they can be distressing for caregivers and families. This activity describes ch ...
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The Importance of Cultural Competence in Pain and Palliative Care
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Managing pain is often a challenge for health professionals. This is compounded when the patient in pain is dying. Living in an ethnically and cultura ...
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Therapeutic Communication
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Therapeutic communication is an invaluable approach to interactions with patients that is applicable across multiple disciplines. This activity revie ...
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Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders
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Tourette syndrome, also referred to as Tourette disorder, is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 1 percent of the population. It is c ...
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Veteran and Military Mental Health Issues
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<p>As the United States endures 2 decades of ongoing warfare, both the media and individuals with personal military connections have raised significan ...
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Violent Patients
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Violence in healthcare is a worldwide and critical issue. In 2017, the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reported that healthcare workers are five times ...
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Washington State Suicide Prevention and Awareness
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Suicide is a major public health problem not only in the United States but also in many western nations. In Washington state the suicide weight is 11% ...
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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine or vitamin B1. Patients classically present with a clinical triad of oph ...
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