[1]
Dinakar Ch,O’Connor GT, The Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes. The New England journal of medicine. 2016 Dec 29;
[PubMed PMID: 28029910]
[2]
Hajek P,Phillips-Waller A,Przulj D,Pesola F,Myers Smith K,Bisal N,Li J,Parrott S,Sasieni P,Dawkins L,Ross L,Goniewicz M,Wu Q,McRobbie HJ, A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. The New England journal of medicine. 2019 Feb 14;
[PubMed PMID: 30699054]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[3]
Layden JE,Ghinai I,Pray I,Kimball A,Layer M,Tenforde M,Navon L,Hoots B,Salvatore PP,Elderbrook M,Haupt T,Kanne J,Patel MT,Saathoff-Huber L,King BA,Schier JG,Mikosz CA,Meiman J, Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Preliminary Report. The New England journal of medicine. 2019 Sep 6;
[PubMed PMID: 31491072]
[4]
Soneji S,Barrington-Trimis JL,Wills TA,Leventhal AM,Unger JB,Gibson LA,Yang J,Primack BA,Andrews JA,Miech RA,Spindle TR,Dick DM,Eissenberg T,Hornik RC,Dang R,Sargent JD, Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics. 2017 Aug 1;
[PubMed PMID: 28654986]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[5]
McConnell R,Barrington-Trimis JL,Wang K,Urman R,Hong H,Unger J,Samet J,Leventhal A,Berhane K, Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Adolescents. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2017 Apr 15;
[PubMed PMID: 27806211]
[6]
Qasim H,Karim ZA,Rivera JO,Khasawneh FT,Alshbool FZ, Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017 Aug 30;
[PubMed PMID: 28855171]
[7]
Jenssen BP,Boykan R, Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels). Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2019 Feb 20;
[PubMed PMID: 30791645]
[9]
Prochaska JJ, The public health consequences of e-cigarettes: a review by the National Academies of Sciences. A call for more research, a need for regulatory action. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2019 Apr;
[PubMed PMID: 30347473]
[10]
Goldenson NI,Kirkpatrick MG,Barrington-Trimis JL,Pang RD,McBeth JF,Pentz MA,Samet JM,Leventhal AM, Effects of sweet flavorings and nicotine on the appeal and sensory properties of e-cigarettes among young adult vapers: Application of a novel methodology. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2016 Nov 1;
[PubMed PMID: 27676583]
[11]
England LJ,Bunnell RE,Pechacek TF,Tong VT,McAfee TA, Nicotine and the Developing Human: A Neglected Element in the Electronic Cigarette Debate. American journal of preventive medicine. 2015 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 25794473]
[12]
Rigotti NA, Balancing the Benefits and Harms of E-Cigarettes: A National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Report. Annals of internal medicine. 2018 May 1;
[PubMed PMID: 29435573]
[13]
Pierce JP,Sargent JD,White MM,Borek N,Portnoy DB,Green VR,Kaufman AR,Stanton CA,Bansal-Travers M,Strong DR,Pearson JL,Coleman BN,Leas E,Noble ML,Trinidad DR,Moran MB,Carusi C,Hyland A,Messer K, Receptivity to Tobacco Advertising and Susceptibility to Tobacco Products. Pediatrics. 2017 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 28562266]
[14]
Ling PM,Glantz SA, Why and how the tobacco industry sells cigarettes to young adults: evidence from industry documents. American journal of public health. 2002 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 12036776]
[15]
Leventhal AM,Stone MD,Andrabi N,Barrington-Trimis J,Strong DR,Sussman S,Audrain-McGovern J, Association of e-Cigarette Vaping and Progression to Heavier Patterns of Cigarette Smoking. JAMA. 2016 Nov 8;
[PubMed PMID: 27825000]
[16]
Conner M,Grogan S,Simms-Ellis R,Flett K,Sykes-Muskett B,Cowap L,Lawton R,Armitage C,Meads D,Schmitt L,Torgerson C,West R,Siddiqi K, Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study. Tobacco control. 2019 Jun 28
[PubMed PMID: 31253718]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence