[2]
Dunphy L,Penna M,Tam E,El-Kafsi J, Left renal vein entrapment syndrome: nutcracker syndrome! BMJ case reports. 2019 Sep 4;
[PubMed PMID: 31488449]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[3]
Maloni KC,Calligaro KD,Lipshutz W,Vani K,Troutman DA,Dougherty MJ, Nutcracker Syndrome as an Unusual Cause of Postprandial Pain. Vascular and endovascular surgery. 2020 Apr;
[PubMed PMID: 31884879]
[4]
Orczyk K,Wysiadecki G,Majos A,Stefańczyk L,Topol M,Polguj M, What Each Clinical Anatomist Has to Know about Left Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome (Nutcracker Syndrome): A Review of the Most Important Findings. BioMed research international. 2017;
[PubMed PMID: 29376066]
[5]
Luo XL,Qian GN,Xiao H,Zhao CL,Zhou XD, Posterior nutcracker syndrome associated with interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein. Korean journal of radiology. 2012 May-Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 22563273]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[6]
Fitoz S,Yalcinkaya F, Compression of left inferior vena cava: a form of nutcracker syndrome. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU. 2008 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 17636501]
[7]
Gupta A,Naik N,Gulati GS, Mesoaortic entrapment of a left inferior vena cava. The Indian journal of radiology
[PubMed PMID: 20351998]
[8]
Ribeiro FS,Puech-Leão P,Zerati AE,Nahas WC,David-Neto E,De Luccia N, Prevalence of left renal vein compression (nutcracker phenomenon) signs on computed tomography angiography of healthy individuals. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders. 2020 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 32335330]
[9]
de Macedo GL,Dos Santos MA,Sarris AB,Gomes RZ, Diagnosis and treatment of the Nutcracker syndrome: a review of the last 10 years. Jornal vascular brasileiro. 2018 Jul-Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 30643508]
[10]
Ananthan K,Onida S,Davies AH, Nutcracker Syndrome: An Update on Current Diagnostic Criteria and Management Guidelines. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery. 2017 Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 28356209]
[11]
Orczyk K,Łabetowicz P,Lodziński S,Stefańczyk L,Topol M,Polguj M, The nutcracker syndrome. Morphology and clinical aspects of the important vascular variations: a systematic study of 112 cases. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology. 2016 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 25972135]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[13]
Grimm LJ,Engstrom BI,Nelson RC,Kim CY, Incidental detection of nutcracker phenomenon on multidetector CT in an asymptomatic population: prevalence and associated findings. Journal of computer assisted tomography. 2013 May-Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 23674014]
[14]
Berthelot JM,Douane F,Maugars Y,Frampas E, Nutcracker syndrome: A rare cause of left flank pain that can also manifest as unexplained pelvic pain. Joint bone spine. 2017 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 27932281]
[15]
Daily R,Matteo J,Loper T,Northup M, Nutcracker syndrome: symptoms of syncope and hypotension improved following endovascular stenting. Vascular. 2012 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 22734085]
[16]
Kim KW,Cho JY,Kim SH,Yoon JH,Kim DS,Chung JW,Park JH, Diagnostic value of computed tomographic findings of nutcracker syndrome: correlation with renal venography and renocaval pressure gradients. European journal of radiology. 2011 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 20869828]
[17]
Ha TS,Lee EJ, ACE inhibition can improve orthostatic proteinuria associated with nutcracker syndrome. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2006 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 16902785]
[18]
Butros SR,Liu R,Oliveira GR,Ganguli S,Kalva S, Venous compression syndromes: clinical features, imaging findings and management. The British journal of radiology. 2013 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 23908347]
[19]
Hulsberg PC,McLoney E,Partovi S,Davidson JC,Patel IJ, Minimally invasive treatments for venous compression syndromes. Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy. 2016 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 28123978]
[20]
Velasquez CA,Saeyeldin A,Zafar MA,Brownstein AJ,Erben Y, A systematic review on management of nutcracker syndrome. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders. 2018 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 29292117]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[21]
Avgerinos ED,Saadeddin Z,Humar R,Salem K,Singh M,Hager E,Makaroun M,Chaer RA, Outcomes of left renal vein stenting in patients with nutcracker syndrome. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders. 2019 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 31471277]
[22]
Neste MG,Narasimham DL,Belcher KK, Endovascular stent placement as a treatment for renal venous hypertension. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR. 1996 Nov-Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 8951753]
[23]
Hartung O,Grisoli D,Boufi M,Marani I,Hakam Z,Barthelemy P,Alimi YS, Endovascular stenting in the treatment of pelvic vein congestion caused by nutcracker syndrome: lessons learned from the first five cases. Journal of vascular surgery. 2005 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 16102626]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[24]
Chen S,Zhang H,Shi H,Tian L,Jin W,Li M, Endovascular stenting for treatment of Nutcracker syndrome: report of 61 cases with long-term followup. The Journal of urology. 2011 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 21683388]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[25]
Tan AP,Chua BS,Lim KB,Taneja M, Unusual Clinical Presentation of Nutcracker Phenomenon. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2017 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 29355284]
[26]
Lazar A,Kniery K,Morrissey N, Left renal vein aneurysm in a young woman with renal nutcracker syndrome. Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques. 2019 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 31799484]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[27]
Carroll S,Moll S, Inferior Vena Cava Filters, May-Thurner Syndrome, and Vein Stents. Circulation. 2016 Feb 9;
[PubMed PMID: 26858294]
[28]
Kodama K,Noda T,Motoi I, Nutcracker phenomenon: An unusual presentation of acute aortic dissection. Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India. 2013 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 23671371]
[29]
Inal M,Unal Daphan B,Karadeniz Bilgili MY, Superior mesenteric artery syndrome accompanying with nutcracker syndrome: a case report. Iranian Red Crescent medical journal. 2014 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 25763192]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[30]
Oteki T,Nagase S,Hirayama A,Sugimoto H,Hirayama K,Hattori K,Koyama A, Nutcracker syndrome associated with severe anemia and mild proteinuria. Clinical nephrology. 2004 Jul;
[PubMed PMID: 15267016]
[31]
Wu Z,Zheng X,He Y,Fang X,Li D,Tian L,Zhang H, Stent migration after endovascular stenting in patients with nutcracker syndrome. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders. 2016 Apr;
[PubMed PMID: 26993867]
[32]
Rios A,Parsa P,Eidt J,Pearl G, A novel surgical approach to symptomatic left renal vein aneurysm. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders. 2017 Nov;
[PubMed PMID: 29037361]
[33]
Özyüksel A,Aktaş S,Çalıs E,Erol C,Sevmiş Ş, Ex Vivo Resection and Renal Autotransplantation for the Treatment of a Large Renal Vein Aneurysm Causing Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism and a Coexisting Vascular Malformation: A Case Report. Vascular and endovascular surgery. 2016 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 27334478]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[34]
Atasoy D,Cansu A,Bekirçavuşoğlu AF,Özdoğan EB,Ahmetoğlu A, The utility of magnetic resonance angiography in children with nutcracker syndrome. Turkish journal of medical sciences. 2021 Oct 21;
[PubMed PMID: 33992039]